Dashnor Kaloçi
The fifth part
Memorie.al publishes some unknown documents issued by the Central State Archive in Tirana (fund of the former Central Committee of the ALP), which belong to a voluminous file with the initials “Top secret”, where there is a correspondence between the leaders of the communist regime of that time, such as: Hysni Kapo, Mehmet Shehu, Ramiz Alia, Kadri Hazbiu, Hekuran Isai, etc., who through various reports and reports compiled by them, inform the leadership of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the ALP, regarding the difficult political and economic situation that our country was going through, before and after the breakdown of political, economic and military relations with the People’s Republic of China. Full correspondence between the main leaders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Directorate of State Security, the Ministry of People’s Defense, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Party and Executive Committees of the districts, as well as the Branches of Internal Affairs in the cities of for positive and negative conversations and comments made by different people, such as intellectuals, workers, the military and the cooperative peasantry, as well as by the “declassed elements and enemies”, regarding the situation in which the country was after the breakdown of relations official of Albania, with the People’s Republic of China and whatever happened after that with the small communist country of the Balkans, which propagated that ‘it would build socialism, only with its own forces’ ?!
In the beginning of 1978, as a result of the deterioration of the official relations of communist Albania with the People’s Republic of China, which had started to take its first rift since the beginning of the ’70s when Mao Zedong’s People’s China with sides of the “ping-pong policy” began to approach the US and received in Beijing Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and then President Nixon, it seems that official Tirana “set the alarm”. Among other things, this is clear from a large number of official documents of that time, which contain the “Top Secret” correspondence of the Central Committee of the ALP, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as and Party and Executive Committees in the districts and Branches of Internal Affairs, which clearly reflect not only the official position of the senior leadership of the ALP headed by Enver Hoxha, but in general that of the various strata of society Albanians, (intellectuals, workers, cooperative peasantry, military, schoolchildren and students, communists, “declassed elements and enemies”, etc.), to the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government, regarding the immediate severance of political relations, economic, and military by it on July 28, 1978.
Thus, the former closest ally of official Tirana since the early 1960s, Mao Zedong’s communist China, would suddenly become its biggest ideological enemy, after the US and the Soviet Union. This is clear in the lines of these documents that bear the logo “Top secret”, where there is great fear and deep paranoia that has gripped the communist regime and the highest leaders of its leadership, from: Enver Hoxha, Hysni Kapo, Mehmet Shehu, Ramiz Alia, Kadri Hazbiu, Hekuran Isai, etc., down to the base of that power with local government officials, who transmitted that anxiety and insecurity to the common people, school students, workers, and to the cooperative peasantry.
These documents, which for the first time see the light of publication by Memorie.al, are a clear picture of the situation and the honorable situation in which the communist regime and official Tirana were at that time, especially after the “Open Letter” to the Chinese leadership. , who accused him of “high treason against the course and line of Marxism-Leninism.” In the context of the development of events, where the top leadership of the communist regime, all raised in alarm, has mobilized all state machinery and its structures, headed by the State Security, to keep the situation under full control. And mainly by surveying its political opponents, whom it considered a “declassed element and enemy of the class”, which occupies a key place in these reports-information, where the State Security bodies, through the Minister of Internal Affairs , Kadri Hazbiu and his deputies, such as Feçor Shehu, Rexhep Kolli, etc., inform in detail the senior leadership, mainly Hysni Kapon, (member of the Politburo and secretary of the Central Committee of the ALP, which covered the organs of the ‘Dictatorship of proletariat ‘) for everything that the “enemy of the class” spoke and commented on, in every district of the country, as well as the positive comments made by them.
This and others, look best in these archival documents with the initials “Top secret”, where the former “Chinese brothers”, who at that time worked in Albania, as staff and specialists in various industrial works from the South to the North of the country, such as: Metallurgical Plant in Elbasan, Ferro-chrome Plant in Burrel, Paper Factory in Lezha, Pashaliman Military Base, Tank and Artillery Plant in Shish-Tufina, Combat Ammunition Plant in Elbasan Doctors, Weapons Production Plant in Poliçan, etc., have already become “agents, saboteurs and conspirators” and are intercepted everywhere and at every step. The equipment, armaments and all military technology, starting from tanks, planes, submarines, torpedoes, heavy artillery, etc., with which the People’s Republic of China had supplied communist Albania for free for years, were already “severely defective” and sabotaged by “Chinese revisionists”.
Such a thing, the “synoptic picture” that the communist regime was going through before and after the breakup with China, was identical, had been seen several times over the years, when official Tirana, led by Enver Hoxha, decided to sever relations with states that until at the last moment it had its closest “allies”, such as the Anglo-Americans, Tito’s Yugoslavia and Stalin’s Soviet Union, and those who succeeded him, such as Khurshov, Brezhnev, and so on.
The series of “friends-enemies” began with the Anglo-American missions, which until they were expelled from the country in November 1946, were “liberators and true contributors to the Anti-Fascist National Liberation War”, and then returned to countries and states. most hated and unwanted for the Albanian communists. The same would happen to the Yugoslavs, who when deported from Albania in 1948-49 were considered “revisionists and agents of the West”. To continue with the “Soviet brothers of father Stalin”, the closest ally of communist Albania who after 1961, were considered by official Tirana, as “the most dangerous revisionists the world had known until then”. And this thing would be repeated identically with the Chinese, which was officially made public, that hot end-July of 1978, when after the “Open Letter” of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the ALP and the Council of To the Ministers of the People’s Republic of Albania, sent to the Chinese government and the Communist Party of China, China withdrew from Albania all its specialists, civilian and military?!
Continued from the previous issue
The report of the secretary of the Party Committee of the Ministry of Defense, Ali Vukatana, sent to Gafur Çuçi, the instructor for the military side at the apparatus of the Central Committee of the ALP
ALBANIAN LABOR PARTY Secret
COMMITTEE OF THE PEOPLE’S DEFENSE PARTY No.556 / 1 pr .prot.
Tirana, 15.6.1978
CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF ALP
Group of instructors on party organizational matters in the Army
Comrade Gafur Çuçi
Tirana
As we have informed you before, the Chinese specialists located in Porto-Palermo Himara, not only do not go to work, but are interested in being informed about various problems.
During their movements from the place of residence to the work facilities, to Tirana, to the surrounding villages and on the way back, they ask about various military and civilian facilities and intend to enter into controversy with the escort through their translator.
So, for example, at the beginning of June, when returning to Tirana near Himara, ask; “What is the name of the building where this new ward, barracks or tent is located?” “Why did the soldiers come to help us or not?”
After being answered by the escort about the type of building, it was clarified that the soldiers also came to the aid of our unit. Also on the way, the Chinese translator tells the escort that: since FIFA football has not expelled Taiwan from this activity, China has refused to participate in the world championship.
On June 2, 1978, when our companion met with translator Li, he explained that he was reading a history book on China from 1850-1870. During this period, translator Li continues, foreign capitals of England, Japan, Spain, Italy, Germany, etc. have begun to enter China, and along with them, drugs such as marijuana, heroin, narcotics have begun to enter China. Various which were used by high Chinese officials who were put to sleep by them.
And it is at this time that agreements have been signed between China and Russia and other countries to the detriment of China. At this time other Chinese parties emerge that oppose these agreements, so the then Chinese government began to split into two parties, one to cooperate with these countries and the other opposed.
During the proceedings of the VI Congress of the Women’s Union of Albania, they followed our press with great interest. At first the newspapers read them and left them in the designated place as always, while on 4.6.1978, they took all the newspapers of 1.2.3.4. in the bedroom and the next day all that was about the VIII Congress, they brought it back, which had not happened before while reading the newspapers!
During these days, translator Li asked our companion: what is the meaning of the words “korbas and tellall”, which he had read in the newspaper from the materials of the BGSH Congress, because according to him, only these two words he did not understand?
On June 4, 1978, the Chinese asked to go to the village of Piqeras and along the way told our companions that: we will go to buy meat machines, since since 1976 and especially when Chu and Mao died and here, in China there has not been SHANGAI meat machines, even beer, because the four had removed them from our production, closed factories and left several small factories to cope with various contracts. And the few that are produced, come out with various defects. On the part of our companion, no interference was made in this matter.
Chinese specialists go to work at intervals of 2-3 days. They do not talk about the work at all; they only check what changes have been made in the facility.
The attitude of our comrades towards the Chinese specialists has been correct, however, we have instructed the Party Bureau and the Detachment Command to follow their actions and attitudes with vigilance. Recently, in compliance with the orders given by Comrade Hysni, in the Porto-Palermo facility, some materials published in our press on the “theory of three worlds” were worked on through the sound center.
SECRETARY OF THE MMP PARTY COMMITTEE
(ALI VUKATANA)
Report of the Party Committee of the Ministry of Defense, sent to the Central Committee of the ALP, on the problems with Chinese specialists at the Pashaliman military base
ALBANIAN LABOR PARTY Secret
MINISTRY PARTY COMMITTEE
POPULAR PROTECTION
Tirana, on 20.7.1978
No. 660/1
Subject; Information; on the stay of Chinese specialists in the Porto-Palermo facility
CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF ALP
Comrade GAFUR ÇUÇI
Group of instructors for party organizational matters in the Army
Tirana
On July 8, 1978, the Chinese specialists, after returning from Tirana, requested a meeting with the leading friends of the Porto-Palermo facility. At the meeting that took place at their request, a conversation took place between our friends and the Chinese specialists in which the Chinese blamed our party for not performing the tasks in the facility.
As we have informed you before, we have been constantly asked by the Chinese to implement the various agreements and contracts related to the construction of the facility as well as to overcome the difficulties that arise during the works, but they initially promised that they would come aids from the design side, later said to officially head to the embassy and in the end do not go to work at all or go out just to see.
In the conversation held, the Chinese raised that in recent months they have been out of work, that the works were continuing on their own, so create conditions for us to go to Tirana, because we have remained faithful to the agreement, for the difficulties that arise in the facility, us we will bring the specialists, but you have hindered them by continuing the works according to your variant, etc.
Our comrades who took part in these talks were told that you have come here under a bilateral agreement and that you have obligations to fulfill. Your projects are not complete and despite our constant requests, you did not send the projects for further work, but withdrew saying: “we are not able to provide solutions”, “human knowledge is limited “,” literature does not provide any solution “, that” deepening in the presence of water is not a problem “, and later did not solve it, etc.
All of this made it so that during 1977, we did nothing about the deepening tasks. That is why we did not hinder you, but even though you had the opportunity to continue the deepening, you deliberately hindered them by dragging out the tasks you had. In the face of these obstacles and difficulties, we could not wait yet, but we continued to work according to our version and for this we did not tell you that we do not accept your thoughts and help.
Below the Chinese specialists raised the problem that: in our letter sent to their government, you accused us of harming your protection, “this is delayed care”, you said with contempt and irony. “During these 24 years, our government and army have given your country no interest. “The Albanian people and you clearly see this.”
Our friends were told that we received help from the sweat of the Chinese people, with whom we have an unbreakable friendship. This has been reciprocal, you and others should not think that we have begged, for this there are documents of the Party and Comrade Enver Hoxha that we have neither extended nor will extend our hand to others. The help that the Party and our people have given you is internationalist.
We are defending Marxism-Leninism and China, waging a principled tooth-to-tooth war with imperialism and revisionism. This does not compare to some materials, and they have been half-baked and not on time. Even here at our facility, you have not fulfilled material contracts. So the truth is what our Party says and not what you say.
Below they insisted and made controversy regarding the letter that the General Staff has expressed a Marxist-Leninist truth, because you delayed the implementation of the work plan for more than a year, that the cause of the work delays is you and not us. In this way, they rejected all the claims they had./Memorie.al
SECRETARY OF THE PARTY COMMITTEE
ALI VUKATANA
The next issue follows
