Memorie.al /A few years ago, on a television show discussing the absurd policies of Enver Hoxha, Mr. Artur Zheji, among other things, said that: “Enver Hoxha wanted to establish the hegemonic role of Marxist-Leninist ideology throughout the world”! Well, Mr. Zheji, in the newspaper “MAPO,” on May 25 of that year, specified his statement with an article on the ‘Solidarity Fund’. This prompted me to make some clarifications, providing a clearer picture of this fund, in USD and Lek. I also mention Lek because these expenses amounted to tens of millions and, converted at the then exchange rate, also made up several million dollars.
On the Solidarity Fund 1964-1991
The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Party of Labor of Albania (PLA), with Decision No. 190, dated 10/06/1964, placed at the disposal of the C.C., a fund of 700,000 USD, to be used in the interest of the work for the international communist movement, for the fight against imperialism and revisionism, for propaganda abroad and the defense of Marxism-Leninism. The decision was signed by Enver Hoxha. Decision No. 190, dated 10/06/1964, stipulates that the fund be spent for several purposes:
– Aid to Marxist-Leninist Communist Parties and M-L groups: = 165,000 USD.
– Organization of seminars with communists from Western Europe and Latin America, as well as with trade unionists from Black African countries: = 42,000 USD.
– Propaganda work abroad such as ideological and propaganda publications and their distribution, stationery, typewriters, and part of the salary of foreign proofreaders: = 80,000 USD.
– To send party delegations abroad for talks with sister parties and M-L groups or their congresses and conferences: 2,000 USD.
– Supplements for the organization of days for diplomatic representations for the opening of any new representation to maintain working contacts with M-L parties and communist groups: = 100,000 USD.
– Organization of conferences, where the solidarity of the PLA and our people in the struggle for National Independence of the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America is expressed, inviting delegations for this purpose: = 8,000 USD.
– Granting scholarships to students from these countries: = 10,000 USD.
– Arrival of foreign friends for visits and holidays in our country. 200 friends to be invited for holidays and to get to know our country: = 105,000 USD.
– At the disposal of the Political Bureau and C.C. of the PLA: = 150,000 USD.
Another document that certifies state financing for this fund is the Decision of the C.C. Secretariat No. 19, dated 27.1.1967, for 700,000 dollars.
THE SOLIDARITY FUND 1964 – 1991 INCOME. USD
Bank Deposits (1964 – 1976) 6,500,000
Bank Interest (1968 – 1991) 4,970,000
Johanson New York 84,000
Party Member Quotas in Embassies 101,000
TOTAL: 11,655,000
The C.C. of the PLA had opened a bank account, a dollar deposit called the “Solidarity Fund”. For the period 1964-1976, 6,500,000 USD were deposited directly into the bank by designated persons.
On the receipt orders, for reasons of secrecy, the source of the funds is not indicated. Only in some cases are the names or initials of those who made the deposits recorded. The persons themselves did not know the origin of this currency, as it was a secret. They would receive this currency, packaged, at the office of the Foreign Directorate.
In addition to the amount of 6,500,000 USD, the C.C. received from the Bank of Albania for the period 1968-1991 another 4,970,000 USD, from interest calculation. Initially the bank interest was 2% and was calculated until 1977. In 1978, the interest rate was applied at 4% by Council of Ministers Decision No. 11, dated 2. 3. 1978, which continued until 1991. The interests obtained were illegal, because according to the decisions and instructions in force, interest was benefited only by individuals and not by state or political entities or subjects.
A friend of our country in the USA, Imogrena Johnson, left by testament in a New York bank, in 1990, the amount of 84,000 USD.
– Party member quotas, etc., are calculated at 101,000 USD.
Funds deposited in the bank by year, for the period 1964 – 1976.
| Year | USD |
| :— | :— |
| 1967 | 300,000 |
| 1967 | 250,000 |
| 1967 | 250,000 |
| 1968 | 250,000 |
| 1968 | 250,000 |
| 1969 | 500,000 |
| 1970 | 500,000 |
| 1971 | 500,000 |
| 1972 | 500,000 |
| 1973 | 500,000 |
| 1974 | 500,000 |
| 1975 | 500,000 |
| 1976 | 500,000 |
Total Funds deposited in bank (1964-1976) | 6,500,000 |
Expenditures for the Solidarity Fund 1964-1991. USD
- Financial aid to M-L Parties and groups 2,290,000
- Aid to various individuals of the Parties 150,000
- Political-Military Training 200,000
- Propaganda – Publications – Translations – Media 140,000
- Organization of Congresses – Conferences of other countries in Albania 70,000
- At the disposal of the Political Bureau and C.C. of the PLA for Party delegations to the Congresses of the PLA, Youth and Women 220,000
- Materials and equipment for Parties 80,000
- Travel expenses for friends – Diplomatic Representatives, etc. 1,815,000
- Party and Mass Organizations delegations abroad 40,000
TOTAL: 5,005,000
- Palace of Congresses (200+500+730) 1,430,000
- ‘Zëri i Popullit’ for purchase of a printing press 400,000
- Reserve Fund 2,570,000
- Ministry of Foreign Trade 407,000
TOTAL: 4,807,000
Balance as of 1991 1,843,000
________________
TOTAL: 11,655,000
AID TO (MARXIST-LENINIST) PARTIES AND (M-L) GROUPS
| Party/Group | USD |
| :— | :— |
| P.C. (M-L) Italy | 380,000 |
| French P.C. | 244,000 |
| Austrian P.C. | 144,500 |
| P.C. (M-L) Spain | 297,800 |
| Belgian P.C. | 54,400 |
| Australian P.C. | 42,200 |
| Polish P.C. | 205,800 |
| P.C. Brazil | 300,500 |
| P.C. Colombia | 79,000 |
| P.C. New Zealand | 44,500 |
| P.C. Peru | 75,800 |
| P.C. “Hammer-Steel” USA | 8,000 |
| Malagasy P.C. | 2,500 |
| Iraqi P.C. | 1,300 |
| Revolutionary P.C., Uruguay | 23,000 |
| Filipino P.C. | 5,000 |
| Dominican Workers’ P.C. | 25,000 |
| Worker-Peasant P.C. of Iran | 5,000 |
| Swiss National Organization | 15,000 |
| M-L Center Netherlands | 44,500 |
| P.C. Ecuador | 93,200 |
| P.C. Lebanon | 2,000 |
| P.C. Ceylon | 30,000 |
| P.C. Sudan | 10,000 |
| P.C. (M-L) Bolivia | 26,500 |
| P.C. Congo | 5,000 |
| Revolutionary P.C. Chile | 52,000 |
| Portuguese M-L Committee | 15,000 |
| M-L Group England | 5,000 |
| Supreme Council Congo – Leopoldville | 4,000 |
| Dominican People’s Movement | 2,500 |
| M.I.R. Venezuela | 2,000 |
| Pan African Professional Union | 2,000 |
| French Somali Liberation Front | 1,000 |
| Greek M-L Group “GUSHAS” | 1,000 |
| Communist Vanguard Argentina | 37,000 |
| TOTAL: | 2,290,000 |
AID TO VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS OF THE PARTIES 150,000 USD
| Name | Period | Country | Amount (USD) |
| :— | :— | :— | :— |
- | Nils Anderson | 1968-1986 | SWEDEN | 17,500 |
- | Madalena Gripes | 3 cases 1965 | BELGIUM | 22,000 |
- | Fransua Marting | (4 cases) 1967 | FRANCE | 39,000 |
- | Fosko Di Nuci | (in 9 cases) 1967 | ITALY | 25,000 |
- | Maria Oliveida | 1967 | BRAZIL | 20,000 |
- | Ron Tayler | Life Insurance 1972 | NEW ZEALAND | 21,500 |
- | Vllado Dapçev | Financial Aid per year | | 2,400 |
- | Daniel Blonjë | 1972 | | 1,500 |
- | Boeve Peterson | 1973 | SWEDEN | 6,000 |
IDEO-POLITICAL MILITARY TRAINING
| Doc. No. | Date | Details |
| :— | :— | :— |
| 248 | 05/12/1964 | 5 Indonesians, “V. I Lenin” School. |
| 347 | 05/12/1964 | 4 Malagasy, “V. I Lenin” School. |
| 305 | 13/12/1965 | 3 Portuguese, “V. I Lenin” School. |
| 220 | 24/08/1965 | 10 Indonesians, “Political Military School”. |
| 106 | 6/6/1966 | 2 from Leopoldville, “Political Military School”. |
| 4 | 20/01/1967 | 6-8 Brazilians, “Political Military School”. |
| 5 | | Colombians, 5 Chileans, 10 Ecuadorians, 3-4 Bolivians, 3 Haitians, 5 Indonesians. |
| 22 | 10/02/1967 | 6 Congolese, “Political Military School”, 5-6 months. |
| 99 | 21/07/1967 | 15 Sudanese, “Political Military School”, every year. |
| 124 | 07/09/1967 | 10 Indonesians “Military Academy”, for 3 years; 9 Indonesians “Military Course” 1 year; 4 Indonesians “Military Academy”. |
| 305 | 13/12/1967 | 3 Spaniards, “Political Military School”. |
| 90 | 31/07/1968 | 6 Ceylonese, “Political Military School”, trainees 3-4 months. |
| 136 | 15/12/1969 | 5 Peruvians “Political Military School”; 5 Ecuadorians “Political Military School”. |
| 1972 | | from our Embassy in Paris, come to Albania for Political-Military courses, several trainees such as: 6 French, 4 Belgians, 9 Italians, 25/07/1975. Some trainees from Sudan (Secret). |
PROPAGANDA – PUBLICATIONS – TRANSLATIONS – MEDIA – 140,000 USD
-26/02/1972. Nils Anderson, propaganda for E. Hoxha’s works. 15,000.
-November 1974, January 1975, Nils Anderson, editing E. Hoxha’s works in French. 1,000.
– 1977. Nils Anderson, propaganda for our country. 1,000.
– 11/05/1997. Patric Kasel (France) publicist propaganda. 20,000.
-7/04/1977. Fosko Di Nuci (Italy), publication of the report of the 7th Congress of the PLA in Italy. 3,000.
-12/06/1972. Nils Holmberg, publication in Swedish of the History of the PLA. 6,000.
-22/09/1981. Propaganda purposes for 3 Parties (no address). 15,000.
– 12/03/1979. To the Egyptian Embassy. Published in Lebanon 600 copies of Enver Hoxha’s book, “Chinese Views before the Trial of History”. 2,000.
-21/03/1979. Portuguese P.C., publication of Enver Hoxha’s work, “Imperialism and the Revolution”. 5,000.
-1976. To three M-L parties. Publication of E. Hoxha’s 19th work, in 3000 copies. 9,000.
-30/11/1970. Travel expenses – Per Diem for 2 months for 3 people, “For editing the History of the PLA in foreign languages.”
– 1965. Correspondents of “Zëri i Popullit” – Australia 2,500.
– Austria 2,500.
-USA. Salaries for the Organ “Hammer-Steel” 2,000.
-17/08/1974. Ticket for the Spanish couple on Radio (Italy) 1,000.
-1965. Correspondents of the newspaper ‘Puna’ in “Nuova Unita” Italy 25,000.
ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESSES – CONFERENCES OF OTHER COUNTRIES IN ALBANIA 70,000 USD
We highlight:
-21/11/1964. 15 Iranians to hold their congress in our country. 15,000 USD.
-17/01/1978. P.C. of Brazil, travel expenses and per diem for delegates to their Conference, which was to be held in Albania. 40,000 USD.
AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE POLITICAL BUREAU AND C.C. FOR THE CONGRESSES OF THE PLA, ETC. 220,000 USD
We highlight:
-CONGRESS 6 1971 20,000
-CONGRESS 7 1976 63,000
– CONGRESS 8 1981 66,000
-CONGRESS 9 1986 47,000
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT FOR PARTIES 80,000 USD
We highlight:
-2/10/1967. French P.C., prefabricated hall where its congress was to be held. 14,000.
-7/10/1967. P.C. Ceylon, printing press, etc. 15,000.
-12/06/1970. Polish P.C., duplicating machine. 10,000.
-23/11/1964. Polish P.C., various materials, paper.
-18/02/1967. Polish P.C., various materials, paper.
– 6/03/1969. Polish P.C., various materials, paper.
-14/02/1968. Polish P.C., various materials, paper.
-20/03/1967. P.C. Sudan, materials.
-27/01/1969. P.C. New Zealand, paper materials.
-1965. For Serbo-Croats, typewriter, with Serbo-Croatian letters.
-14/06/1969. Greek P.C., typewriter.
TRAVEL EXPENSES FOR FRIENDS
For the period 1964-1991, 1,815,000 USD was spent on travel tickets – Diplomatic Representations, etc.
4,000 – 4,500 people traveled to Albania and back to their countries.
We mention:
– D. 190 dt. 10/06/1964: 200 friends
-D. 343 dt. 21/11/1964: 15 Iranians round trip tickets
-D. 42 dt. 13/02/1965: 188 friends
-D. 48 dt. 14/03/1966: 158 friends
-D. 96 dt. 15/09/1969: Tourists
-D. 4 dt. 20.011967: 200 friends
-D. 100 dt. 12/09/1969: delegations for the 25th anniversary of Liberation
– D. 4 dt. 16/01/1970: delegations for the year 1970
In all other Congresses of the PLA, there were hundreds of participants.
PARTY AND MASS ORGANIZATIONS DELEGATIONS ABROAD 40,000 USD
We highlight:
-For the period 1964-1965 delegations: 18,400
– In November 1970, delegation of the PSR of Albania to Norway and Sweden, for 20 days: 20,000
The Secret of the Deposit – Withdrawal – Distribution of Funds
In the Memorandum of 09/06/1964, of the Ministry of Finance, thus one day before the issuance of Decision No. 190, 10/06/1964, signed by Enver Hoxha, it is stated: Authorizations issued by the secretaries of the Central Committee or decisions of the C.C. Secretariat of the PLA, should not go through protocol, but directly to those charged with this work.
Document of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dt.04/01/1965: “You should not take any document for the giving of money.” “Documents should not be sent with a covering letter, with Protocol No.”
IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE INSTRUCTIONS:
Funds were deposited in the bank, without the address of their source, but only the amount and the names or initials of those who made the deposits.
The dollars withdrawn from the bank circulated among several persons with special receipts or chits.
Thus: In the Polish embassy, on 04/11/1964, “10,000 USD, for the Polish revolutionary communist comrades, delivered to Sh. Rushi.”
– In the French embassy: on 01/08/1965, “9000 USD I gave to Roberto Sato Venera from Peru, who came with the slogan “Vango de Parte de Andrea”.
– On 04/11/1965 “The undersigned XH.K., certified that he received from comrade N.K., an envelope with 7/000. top secret, to send via diplomatic couriers, to the embassy of the P.R. of Albania in Paris.
Note: “The number 7/1000 means that he received 7000 USD.
Vienna Embassy, 1970, Top secret
They deliver to the Doctor, 5,000 USD 13.3.70 DH.T.
They deliver to the Doctor, 5,000 USD 15.6.70 DH.T.
They deliver to the Doctor, 2,000 USD 28/11/70
Cairo Embassy 1976, To the Representative from Sudan, 5,000 USD will be given. He will give the password in Albanian “Faleminderit” and also in Arabic “I came from Fatima”. From this person, do not ask for any kind of receipt or other document to certify that he received the above amount”.
Considerable quantities of dollars went to several embassies, such as: Paris, Rome, Vienna, and Warsaw and from there were distributed with hand receipts. In a letter sent by our Embassy in France it is said: “After opening the safe, it is difficult for us to figure out the accounts, because from the notes of the person who kept the safe, such a thing cannot be done”!
Ambassador Ksenofon Nushi in Rome, on 1.7.1967, issues a receipt stating that he delivered to comrade Fosco Dinucci, the amount of 3,000,000 lire, from the fund for aid to the Marxist-Leninist movement. Fosco Dinucci had received in this embassy with 9 receipts 15,620,000 lire, which at the exchange rate of 1 to 624, corresponded to 25,000 dollars.
Nos Qosja, at the Paris embassy, on July 31, 1967, by means of a receipt gave comrade Francois Marty the amount of 10,000 dollars, which constituted the final part of the aid allocated to him for the year 1967. Francois Marty had also received earlier, on 14.7.1967, 14,000 dollars, on 15.7.1967, 6,000 dollars, on 24.7.1967, 9,000 dollars. Total, 39,000 dollars.
EXPENDITURES MADE WITHIN THE COUNTRY IN LEK:
The above expenses in dollars, which were made for friends and guests, do not include the expenses in lek for their treatment during the period they stayed in Albania, such as food, lodging, clothing, etc., which amounted to considerable sums.
In addition to participating in Congresses, celebrations, etc., they also came for holidays and cures in our country. In a report made by the Directorate for Foreign Relations, in 1967, about the expenses needed to cover the reception of delegations, various individuals, courses, etc., tens of millions of lek were needed.
Based on the number of friends invited to Congresses, multi-month courses, visits, students, holidays, etc., with the set per diems for food and lodging and other expenses, for transport, translators, etc., for the period 1964-1990, in addition to the USD fund, tens of millions of lek were spent, which at the then exchange rate, amount to several million dollars. (Over 2 million dollars)
From the documents of this period, it appears that 4,000 – 4,500 people came to Albania.
– Most of them stayed up to 10 days, who, besides attending the Congresses held, the November celebrations, etc., visited historical and tourist sites.
– Some people who were more favored stayed alone and with their families for a month on holiday.
– Over 250 people underwent political-military training for several months.
– There was a large number of journalists, the “Journalists’ Colony”, who resided in Tirana and worked for Radio Tirana for months or whole years.
– Some journalists undergoing political-military training also had their families with them.
– At their disposal was the Delegations Park with cars and buses, as well as many translators and escorts who were treated with per diems.
THE PER DIEMS IN FORCE FOR THIS TREATMENT
– No. 6889, 25/10/1976, the daily food quota was set at 110 lek. Per diems for the delegation, daily expenses for food and lodging, first category, 20 – 25 USD and second category, 15 – 20 USD.
HERE ARE SOME CASES THAT SPEAK OF THESE EXPENSES IN LEK
-Decision 190, 10/01/1964: 200 friends for holidays and getting to know our country.
-Decision 42, 13/02/1965: 188 friends for organization, reception and treatment.
-Decision 48, 14/03/1966: 158 people for holidays and visits with mass organizations.
-Decision 49, 14/03/1966: 155 people for holidays and visits at the C.C.
-Decision 4, 20/01/1967: 200 people delegations, holidays, visits, etc.
-Decision 124, 07/09/1967: 23 Indonesians, lodging, food, clothing, 200 lek per month for small expenses, 1 – 3 years; 6 Indonesians, 1000 lek per month, for 1 – 3 years.
From 1968 to 1986, almost every year, not only for party work but also for holidays, Nils Anderson was present in Albania with his wife and children. During these years, Mr. Peter Boeve under the pseudonym “Chris Petersen”, as chairman of the Dutch P.C., came to Albania 20 times.
-Decision 22, 10.02.1967: 6 Congolese for 5-6 months political-military training, 8 children and 2 women.
-Decision 90, 31.07.1968: 6 trainees from Ceylon, for 3-4 months, political-military training.
The Commissar of the Zall-Herrt military unit, Mr. Muhamet Hoxha, on 27.12.2009, publicly in the daily press stated:
“For weeks and months on end, army units were turned into training centers for dozens and hundreds of illegal trainees from various countries, ranging from Latin America to Indonesia.”
THE PURPOSE OF THE SOLIDARITY FUND
To establish the hegemonic role in the world in the political and ideological aspect of the PLA and Enver Hoxha.
The parties that have benefited from the solidarity fund are in many states, which geographically cover all 5 continents.
From Japan to the USA, from New Zealand to Argentina, from the Scandinavian Peninsula to the South of Africa.
BY CONTINENT
American Continent: Brazil, Peru, Colombia, USA, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Dominican Republic, Haiti.
African Continent: Sudan, Somalia, Congo, Congo Leopoldville, Malagasy, Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Togo, Upper Volta, Gabon, Egypt.
Asian Continent: Iraq, Lebanon, Iran, Ceylon, Japan, India, Laos, Jordan, Syria.
Australian – Oceania Continent: Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Indonesia.
European Continent: France, Italy, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Portugal, England, Greece, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Romania, Germany, Yugoslavia./Memorie.al
