By Dashnor Kaloçi
Part eight
Memorie.al/ publishes some archival documents, extracted from the Central State Archive in Tirana (the fund of the former Central Committee of PPSh), where the personal archive of the former leader of communist Albania, Enver Hoxha, is also located, who in his political diary, which belongs to a long period of time, starting from May 1967, to December 1983, he has kept notes on the events of the Middle East, such as; the long Israel-Palestine conflict, the continuous wars between Israel and the Arab countries, the six-day war in 1967, where Israel defeated Egypt and the coalition of Arab countries, occupied the Golan Heights, the Yom Kippur war in 1973, where again Israel, after defeating the coalition of Arab countries (Egypt, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen, Lebanon, Morocco, etc.) occupied the Sinai Peninsula, which he surrendered in 1979, blocking and closing the Suez Canal, (where Albania had vital interests, due to the aid that came from China by sea), until the civil war in Lebanon, at the beginning of the 80s, etc. What did the dictator of communist Albania, Enver Hoxha, write in his political diary where he analyzed, and what was the position of the official Tirana, about the conflict between Israel and the Arab countries, as well as the various countries that support them, such as; Soviet Union, USA, Great Britain, People’s Republic of China, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, etc.?! Was the information that Enver Hoxha had in June 1967 true, according to which, official Moscow would offer assistance to Egypt, bringing its Naval Military Fleet to the Mediterranean, in the event that official Tirana would accept that Soviet ships, to anchor in the ports of Durrës, Vlora, Shengjin, etc., or was it a paranoia of Hoxha, which caused the Albanian Army to switch to combat readiness no. 1, even mobilizing the reserve forces and those of the volunteer squads?! Regarding this, etc., we know the political diary of the former main leader of communist Albania, which will be published in several issues by Memorie.al
Continues from last issue
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1978
THREE POLITICIANS AND THE PROBLEMS OF THE MIDDLE EAST
On September 18, the Associated Press news agency provided from Washington, the text of the agreements reached at Camp David, in the meeting between Jimmy Carter, Anwar al-Sadat and Menaem Begin, on the problem of the Middle East, a problem of great importance vital, for the Arab peoples and which at the same time is of great interest to American imperialism. American imperialism in the Middle East has driven its nails deep and makes a divisive policy among the Arab peoples, who have not found and are not finding common ground with each other even in these difficult moments, for the entire Arab community.
This is due to the fact that the power in various countries of this region is in the hands of the big reactionary, oppressive, exploitative and anti-popular, anti-Arab bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie, in all the countries of this region, only has the name Arab, because it has been sold to the foreigners, to the American imperialists, in the first place, to the Soviets, to the French, to the English and to all the reactionaries of the world. Therefore, the world reaction makes every effort to keep this region divided and the various Arab states to live in constant contradictions with each other. That is, the world reaction aims to keep these peoples under the yoke, in the interest of the dynasties that reign in these countries, in poverty, in slavery, even in the Middle Ages, and to force them to sell their great wealth, oil, for derive from it, fabulous benefits.
In these situations, the United States of America, which is the gendarme and the main boss, as I said, of this basin, constantly follows the “divide and rule” policy. They pit one state against another, group some states against other states, incite and wage local wars between Israel and Egypt, between Israel and Syria, between Syria and Lebanese puppets, between Iraqis and Syrians, between Saudi Arabia and North Yemen against South Yemen, create disputes in the Persian Gulf, and other such diabolical plots. Especially Israel, American imperialism has used as a real gendarme in its service. This gendarme has managed to cause bloody wars with Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, etc.
American imperialism strongly supports Israel with weapons, from the most modern, and even, as it is said, has given it the atomic bomb. The United States of America has helped Israel, also logistically, due to the large dominant weight they have, the Zionist financial reactionary circles, in the capitalist-imperialist world economy. So, American imperialism has made Israel its most convenient tool. At the moments when the United States of America gets angry with the Arab countries for oil, for the issue of its supply and price, through their tool, Israel, they create, as they have created, bloody incidents that have led to war. These wars have given Israel the opportunity to occupy Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian territories, such as: Sinai, the West Bank, the Golan, the Gaza Strip, and it do not even move from there without being forced.
Despite the countless resolutions that have been taken in the United Nations Organization, against Israel’s actions, although the countries of the world have raised their voices against it, Israel has continued its aggressive activity. He not only conquered Arab territories, but in them, accepting Jewish immigrants from Poland, Romania, especially from the Soviet Union and other European countries, he created Jewish colonies. More than all the Arab peoples, the heroic Palestinian people are suffering; who for decades have borne the greatest misery that humanity has ever seen. He lives as a migrant, sheltering in huts and tents in the desert, because he has lost his homeland, which the Israelis have conquered and won’t let go. Therefore, the Palestinian people have risen to a merciless war, so far without compromise.
Despite the fact that within the Palestinian liberation movement, there are groups with different views, in general they all want the liberation of their country from the Israeli Zionists. Where do you not find the Palestinian people, who live scattered throughout the Arab countries: in Lebanon, where they are located in villages that are war centers: in Egypt, where they lived as immigrants and as fighters; in Syria, where sometimes it is allowed to fight, sometimes it is not allowed; he lived and still lives in Jordan, where he was brutally oppressed; in Iraq, in Saudi Arabia, in Yemen, in the Emirates of the Persian Gulf, also in France, etc. They are a brave, warrior people who have not stopped their resistance for a single day. Wherever he is, in the Middle East region, he fights in organized guerilla forms, while in other countries of the world, he sabotages everything Israeli, organizes assassinations, which the capitalist world calls terrorism, because it wants peace, to use properly and as much as he needs, the wealth of these countries that he has under his rule.
Now, in these difficult and more or less peaceful situations, which the United States of America created between Egypt and Israel, after many discussions, maneuvers, behind-the-scenes and innumerable tricks, these three gathered at Camp David, ostensibly to fix the situation in the Middle East. They discussed one on one, thirteen days. Even Jimmy Carter became an active participant in these talks, that is, the talks were no longer between Sadat and Begin, but between Carter, Sadat and Begin. Carter was named so, as a third partner of these talks, to ostensibly establish peace in the Middle East. Of course, from all this “work”, “Polli Mountain is a mouse”. This “mouse” represents what the Palestinian people and, in general, the Arab peoples “won” or did not win.
At Camp David, according to the communiqué, American imperialism managed to “finish” some kind of reconciliation, between Begin’s Israel and Sadat’s Egypt, for a temporary peace, for a temporary arrangement, of the West Bank area, the Gaza Strip and Negev desert. In fact, nothing concrete was achieved. We can say that it was only determined that within 5 years, it must be done in such a way that Israel partially withdraws from the West Bank of the Jordan River (West Jordan) and from Gaza, supposedly with the aim of establishing the autonomous state of the Palestinians there of these areas. The Palestinian autonomous administration will, of course, be “guaranteed” by the United States of America and will always be indirectly under the rule or supervision of Israel, Egypt and Jordan.
Egypt was also given some small satisfactions. Thus, for example, an agreement was reached for some withdrawal of Israel from part of the Sinai Peninsula. All this is a diabolical maneuver of American imperialism and its agents. For American imperialism this is, as I said, a temporary victory, because, as I said above, it has been determined that within 5 years supposedly, work will be done to achieve a “self-governing” state in the West Bank of the Jordan River and in the Gaza Strip. This so-called self-governing state during this time will have some police force of its own, but Israeli military and police forces will always be present to guard the borders, as well as Jordanian forces.
So the Palestinians, of course, will only have straw openers. And if such a status quo is reached, as was established at Camp David, then a peace agreement can be signed between Egypt and Israel. The whole intention is that; during this 5-year period, American imperialism should have some peace, to squeeze the Arab “cow” well, so that oil flows easily, in American tankers and oil pipelines, and the United States of America, to conduct a campaign of intrigues in it all the Arab states, to accept the decisions of Camp David and to reach a common conclusion, about a supposedly general peace. But the Palestinian people, rightly, do not accept anything in all this fraud of Sadat, Begin and Jimmy Carter, because, in fact, they do not gain anything.
His homeland is occupied; therefore rightly he will fight to the end, for the liberation of the lands of his homeland and for the establishment of a real government of the Palestinian people, without interference and without the tutelage of his permanent enemies. But it is surprising, that with the greatest impudence, in the communique it is said that; the agreement reached is also made with the participation of Jordan, while this was not at Camp David at all. The Jordanian government of King Hussein, although it is known what they are, declared that; they have no commitment as far as Camp David is concerned. The Camp David agreement was not accepted by Syria, which calls Sadat a traitor to the Arab nation, nor was it accepted by Algeria, Morocco, Libya, or all other Arab countries. The King of Saudi Arabia also spoke against it.
So, this whole scam was done only between three people. Of course, to convince those who opposed, the United States of America during these 5 years, will do countless other scams, even these started. In fact, after the publication of the communique, the secretary of the State Department, Cyrus Vance, left for the Middle East, to talk with King Saud, with King Hussein, with Assad, and others, in order to how convince them, put pressure on them, or give “them” to accept the temporary solution that Jimmy Carter gave to this issue. This is how this work will work. Meanwhile, China published in its press an announcement about the Camp David agreement.
For now, it does not take an open position, but it is understood that it stands on the side of American imperialism and Sadat. Later, it will show this support more openly, because it fights for the current status quo, in the Middle East, that is, for American imperialism to rule there, and not only there, but everywhere in the world, even close to it in Japan, in Korea, in Taiwan and elsewhere and China to benefit from his handouts and loans, to become a superpower. And all this policy is done for the reason that Soviet social-imperialism is supposedly being fought.
Of course, Soviet social-imperialism also benefits from these situations and is automatically on the side of other, supposedly strong, regimes that take a stand against the Sadat-Begin agreement. We must prepare an article to expose this game of American imperialism, which seeks to keep the Arab peoples captive, to exploit them, to intrigue them, to divide them, to make the Palestinian people, never acquire his own lands and never establish his own government. At the same time we expose Israel, the permanent barbaric fascist tool of American imperialism in the Middle East.
TUESDAY, APRIL 3, 1979
OTHER ARAB COUNTRIES BOYCOTT EGYPT
The official text of the resolution that was approved by the Conference of the Council of the Arab League, at the level of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, gathered in Baghdad, was announced. This conference produced results, at least on the surface, against the Egyptian government. In this resolution, it is stated that the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by signing the peace treaty with Israel, did not consider the resolutions of the high-level Arab conference, especially the resolutions of the high-level conferences of Rabat and Algiers, the resolutions of the Conference 9th high level Arabic. It is also said that he ignored the call of Arab kings and presidents not to sign any peace treaty with the Zionist enemy. According to this resolution, the members of the Baghdad conference consider the signing of the peace treaty with Israel by Sadat’s government as treason.
The resolution states that; the Egyptian government, with this action, left the Arab ranks and chose the policy of cooperation with the United States of America, to stay in the same position as the enemy. Sadat’s government is accused of abandoning its national duty to liberate the occupied Arab territories, especially Jerusalem; to regain the inalienable national rights of the Palestinian people, including the right to return to their homeland, the right to self-determination, to establish an independent State of Palestine, on their national land; to maintain Arab solidarity and unity; to defend the Arab cause, etc. The resolution states that the Council of the Arab League, at the level of foreign ministers, decided:
First, a) the ambassadors of the Arab states should be immediately summoned from Egypt. Recommend cutting political and diplomatic relations with the Egyptian government. The Arab governments must take the appropriate measures to implement this recommendation within one month after the announcement of this decision and in accordance with the constitutional provisions of each country. Second, Egypt’s membership in the Arab League should be considered invalid, starting from the date of signing the peace treaty with the Zionists. This means that Egypt should be stripped of all membership rights in the Arab League. Third, a) In Tunis, the capital of Tunisia, will be the temporary center of the Arab League, its general secretariat, ministerial councils and permanent technical committees, starting from the date of signing the peace treaty, between Egypt and Israel.
Call on the government of Tunisia to create all the necessary conditions for the new headquarters of the Arab League. c) To create a committee of 6 member countries: Iraq, Syria, Tunisia, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Algeria, as well as the representative of the general secretariat of the Council of the Arab League, to implement this resolution, to call member states and to provide the required assistance to these countries. The Committee assumes the full powers of the Council of the Arab League to take appropriate measures to implement 370 this resolution, including the protection of assets, funds of documents and protocols of the Arab League.
The Committee should take appropriate measures against any action taken by the Egyptian government to prevent the transfer of the headquarters of the Arab League, or to infringe on its rights or interests. This resolution contains many other decisions for concrete measures against Egypt. In other words, in Baghdad, the Arab countries made a decision by which they boycott the Arab Republic of Egypt, consider Sadat a traitor and do not accept the Egyptian-Zionist Treaty, which was signed on March 26, 1979, together with Carter, in Camp David of the United States of America.
This, of course, will have ramifications in Egypt, but it seems to me that not all the Arab countries that gathered in Baghdad are completely determined to stand against Egypt. On the surface, it looks like the resolution was passed unanimously, but, apart from Syria, which has interests because it has part of its territory occupied by Israel, apart from the Palestinians who were left without a homeland and whose case was not even weighed in the signing of the Egypt-Israel Treaty, Iraq behind Syria, so, apart from these, who are more interested in opposing Egypt, with other countries, such as Saudi Arabia and others, this does not happen. There are swings in these states. They will move according to the situations and conjunctures in the direction of the American policy, and they will not cut the bridges with Egypt completely.
And King Hussein is against, but at the same time he is also in favor of the Americans. It is opposed because it is feared that one day nearly 500,000 Palestinians living in Jordan will raise their feet. So he comes off as pro-Palestinian, but, in reality, he is a servant of the Americans and Saudi Arabia. This is how Arab unity should be understood, which was not achieved, despite the fact that the participating countries came out with a common conclusion from the meeting in Baghdad. Surely, the United States of America will work to keep them under its influence. For a while, it is not known, Syria may also fall into long and difficult talks with Israel, and thus, in one way or another, the Golan issue will be liquidated.
So, in the meantime, the Palestinians suffer, who remain without a homeland and thus the issues in the Middle East will continue to find no solution and the great powers will act according to their interests. Only popular uprisings can put an end to such a difficult, complicated situation in this basin, where Soviet social-imperialism, American imperialism, and other capitalist states of the world have set foot.
This is a strategic and delicate area of great importance; it is an oil zone, an inter-imperialist war zone, and a predatory war, which can only be faced by the peoples of this basin and not by the representatives of the forces that are in power in some countries. These forces are connected and resolved according to the interests of the bourgeoisie that they represent and rule in these countries and not according to the national interests of the peoples over whom they rule, they are connected and resolved with American imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism according to the interests of the big oil bourgeoisie. Memorie.al
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