By Dashnor Kaloçi
Part four
Memorie.al publishes some archival documents extracted from the Central State Archive in Tirana, where the personal fund of the former first secretary of the PPSh Central Committee is located, from which we have extracted some parts from his political diary that belongs to a period of time from the beginning of January 1979 to February 1982, where the focus of his notes are the events developed in Iran, where the Islamic insurgent forces led and inspired by Ayatollah Kohmeini who managed to dethrone Shah Reza Phalevi, who, having the full support of the United States of America, was forced to leave the country by plane, arriving first in Cairo, where he was received as a personal friend by President Janwar Sadat and also, the former president of the United States of America, Zehrar Ford, (who was on a visit to Egypt those days), to then leave for the USA. After the overthrow and impeachment of Shah Reza Palehvi, at the end of January 1979, Ayatollah Kohmeini, the religious spiritual leader of the Shia Iranians, who was said to be leading the revolution to overthrow the Palehvi dynasty, arrived in Tehran from Paris, where he was staying for years. How he described all those events in his political diary, the leader of communist Albania, the dictator Enver Hoxha, who, among other things, says: “Shahu, to protect himself from the people, had bought from the United States of America , a large amount of the most modern weapons that they have sold abroad, he had created an army of hundreds of thousands of people, with all kinds of weapons, with airplanes, with tanks, with machine guns, with missiles of the most modern, he had built many airfields . All this was done to protect the assets of the Americans in Iran and the assets of the Shah, as well as to keep the people in misery. Of course, such a state could not continue throughout his life, although material military and political aid to the Shah came from all four corners of the world. In addition to others, even the new Chinese empire threw roses at the Shah. Hua Kuo Fen himself, went to Iran and with the greatest cordiality, talked about a: “great and healthy friendship”, with the Shah of Persia and wished long life to this powerful supplier of oil, great friends of China , the United States of America and world capitalism”.
Continues from last issue
The political diary of Enver Hoxha
TUESDAY FEBRUARY 13, 1979
THE REVOLUTION OF THE IRANIAN PEOPLE TRIUMPHED
The revolution, therefore, was made by the Iranian people, women and men, old and young. At the forefront of this revolution were the Iranian working class, the oil workers and all other branches of the economy. The people rose up in bloody demonstrations, marched forward, even though the Shah, who thought he would frighten them, fired upon them and killed hundreds and thousands of them. Of course, Imam Khomeini used this objective situation and with his own people, with that considerable grouping, we can say, of the Shiite believers, as the whole world propagated him, he was able to play a seemingly very important role. But it must be said that in this popular uprising you saw mostly young men and women, men and women, raising their fists and being killed in the streets. Someone was leading them. Western news agencies made a lot of noise about Ayatollah Khomeini and his Shiite group, as if this was the inspiration.
But, I think that, without excluding the influence of the Shiite sect and the religious faith, this anti-imperialist revolution of the Iranian people had a class character, it was basically a social revolution and not a religious one. Therefore, from our side, it cannot be considered as an Islamic revolution. They call it the Islamic revolution for many reasons, but the main one is to hide a great truth from the broad masses of the people: that only with a class revolution are the internal exploiting classes closely connected with the foreign imperialists overthrown. This is why they try to present these types of uprisings, as if they are allegedly guided by religion. So once again we see that religion is always used as a moderating and inhibiting element for revolutionary steps, an idealistic element.
In addition, the Western world, the capitalist world tries to give the color of a non-class, but a religious war to the revolution of the Iranian people, to create the false idea that here, the Islamic world is rising against the Christian world. So, it seeks to turn the revolutionary moments that currently exist that require solutions, the moments of proletarian revolutions, as Engels calls them, into medieval religious wars, such as those between Catholics, on the one hand, and Protestants, on the other, with a word seeks to turn back the time of the Crusades.
The crusades, according to them, are being repeated in the Middle East, supposedly who will keep Jerusalem, who will have an alliance with Syria, who will be good with Lebanon, with the Christians or with the Muslims of Lebanon, and other such stories. It is true that the Arab world, in general, believes in the Muslim religion, but in this Arab world there is also a feeling of hatred against the internal exploiters and against the external imperialists, who, in order to rule, intrigue from all four sides, put a people against the other and, when they see that they are losing the dawa, as it is currently happening in Iran, the national liberation, anti-feudal and anti-imperialist wars try to give them the color of a religious, Islamic, anti-scientific war.
They do this precisely at the moment when world capitalism is going through a major crisis and when it cannot find a solution. But all these anti-imperialist social revolutions are the result of the hatred of the people against those who suck their blood. These cause dissatisfaction, large strikes in the United States of America, in England, in France, in Italy, in the Soviet Union and elsewhere. The imperialists, with the colors they want to give to movements like the one in Iran, are meant to say to the strikers in their own countries: This is what people we are dealing with, ignorant people, people who want to turn the world into Middle Ages, they want to bring back the religious wars, that’s why we are forced to close the factories, throw the workers on the streets, raise the prices, lower the wages, because the oil is no longer “sourced”. So, we, the capitalists, are not to blame, but the Muslim peoples, the Arab peoples.
There is a diabolical purpose here, which we must unmask. The wars for national and social liberation, whether in the Middle East, whether in Africa or anywhere else, are wars with a national liberation and anti-imperialist character. Although in these wars, for one reason or another, the proletariat is not at the head of the masses of the people and does not have its own party, in the revolutionary situations that will arise, the progressive element, which has made an alliance with the wretched peasantry that seeks land, will create the conditions for the fighting proletariat to jump into the war, the real party of the proletariat, the real leadership of the state, the real people’s army that will serve the people and not the new theocratic bourgeoisie, this time supposedly dressed in democratic forms. As far as Iran is concerned, it is a fact that the proletariat, the oil workers who participated in the popular uprising, won. Much was said about Ayatollah Khomeini, who returned to Iran. Baftjar made many words, but finally, he escaped with his generals. Many generals who remained in Iran were executed.
Ayatollah Khomeini, who does not feel safe, calls on the people to calm down, but he does not calm down, he continues to move and answers: We do not throw down our weapons! We see these things on the news. American and British imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism and all will try to take advantage of the turmoil that can be stirred up in Iran against the established order. Everything in this regard depends very much on the vigilance, skill and consistency of the progressive Iranian people who joined the revolution. They must continue it, moving from one stage to another and solving important problems at each stage, with radical reforms, not superficial, not fake, not just for the sake of polish, because everyone will try to calm this situation down. . We see that Carter himself, in his last interviews, is extremely scared and shaky, the ambassador in Afghanistan was killed and he doesn’t speak at all.
The “Revolutionary Guards” in the capital of Iran attacked the American embassy, entered it and took captive the official, 60 officials and 19 marine guards, who raised their hands. Many documents were captured there, which will later serve the Iranian people. The new provisional prime minister of Iran, Bazargani, had to intervene to save the captives. It must also be said that there is a risk of interference. Even, in fact, it has been started in time by the Soviet social-imperialists, who want to create their spheres of influence in the Middle East, especially in Iran where there is a large number of Azerbaijanis (half of the Azerbaijanis live in the Union Soviet and half in Iran). There exist the Kurds, who are currently on the move not only in Iran, but also in Turkey. But there are also Kurds in the Soviet Union.
In these situations, the Soviet social-imperialists are also acting through the KGB. The issue of Iran has put the United States of America in extremely difficult situations in the Persian Gulf, as in Kuwait where 35 percent of the population is Palestinian, in Saudi Arabia where the nationalization of the Arab-American oil company, ARAMCO, may be requested. . With the expulsion of the Shah from Iran, who had become the United States’ gendarme in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, Israel was cut off from its main source of oil. So the risks are great. Therefore, we must follow these matters with great vigilance and special care to see how and in whose favor they will be resolved. For those who want to listen to us, we must explain things clearly, openly, as they are, without touching the religious feelings in this great revolutionary class movement of the Arab peoples. At the same time, one way or another, we must say that this is not an Islamic war, as Carter and others say, but it is a war, a revolution of the poor against the rich.
THURSDAY FEBRUARY 15, 1979
THIS IS HOW THE PEOPLE “GREET” THEIR WILDEST ENEMY,
AMERICAN IMPERIALISM
The world’s press, radio and television are talking loudly today about two events that have seriously affected the authority of the United States of America. It is announced from Tehran that a group of Iranian “insurgents” attacked the American embassy yesterday and, after a fierce hand-to-hand fight with its military guards (selected troops of the American Marine Infantry), occupied it. They captured the guards, the embassy personnel, over 70 people with the ambassador in charge, who then put them in the basements of the embassy.
It took the intervention of the Iranian government for the angry Iranians to leave the embassy. The news agencies announced at the same time that in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, some “unknown” people hit and killed the American ambassador in this country. The cauldron is boiling. The peoples who have thrown themselves into the national liberation war are “saluting” their fiercest enemy, American imperialism.
SATURDAY FEBRUARY 17, 1979
NOTE
Today, after making some remarks and reinforcements, I definitively put an end to the article about Iran, the theses of which I had written before. Tomorrow, Sunday, it will be published in “Voice of the People”.
WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 21, 1979
EVENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST ARE NOT DEVELOPING IN FAVOR OF IMPERIALISM
Events in the Middle East basin and in Iran, of course, are not developing in favor of the United States or world imperialism. In this situation, in case of a conflict. The Soviet Union, which borders Iran, stands ready to cover Iran quickly. But currently, he acts in a subversive way, through the great forces of the “Tudeh” party, the Azerbaijanis and the Kurds, even though Mullah Barzani is no longer in Iraq, but in the United States.
His being in the United States of America, lets us understand that these, too, have set in motion the Kurdish factor inside Iran, as a counterweight to the Soviet subversion through Azerbaijan. In the Middle East, the United States of America has sent Brown, the secretary of the Department of Defense, who is roaming from country to country to arrange something, and that something is an effective resistance of the ruling bourgeois circles against popular uprisings that may occur in Middle Eastern countries, such as Iran, or to obtain commitments from the Emirates and other Arab countries, to eventually resist a Soviet threat.
We also see that Carter has called Moshe Dayan and the Egyptian Prime Minister back to Washington to continue the talks on signing the peace agreement at Camp David. Israel is currently in danger. Ayatollah Khomeini has openly declared that he will defend the Palestinians in their war against Israel. He closed the Israeli embassy in Tehran and expelled Israeli diplomats from Iran. Israel was cut off from the oil it was getting from the shah of Iran, now it has to get it elsewhere.
Under these conditions, the United States of America is forcing Israel to conclude an agreement with Egypt, in other words, to stop throwing vicklas, but to accept the conditions that Carter has set for such an agreement. Seeing this very dangerous situation in Iran, the Persian Gulf and the entire Middle East, the United States of America has set the CIA agency in motion. They see that the Soviet danger can come from Iran, from Iraq, from Syria, from South Yemen that crosses the Khail desert and goes to Oman and joins some coup d’état. Palestinian in Kuwait.
If this happens, the United States of America will lose all its strategic-economic oil position in the Middle East and in Iran. Today I heard that Ayatollah Khomeini has banned demonstrations with Marxist-Leninist tendencies in the country’s universities. From here it is understood that there, currently, the left forces have been set in motion, of course the “Tudeh” party, but also the Marxist-Leninist forces. It is possible that the Communist Party of Workers and Peasants of Iran, which is also known as “Tufan”, or some other party that we don’t know what it is, has its own people in the recent events.
However, groups are raising there that support an even more revolutionary situation and not the Islamic spirit that the world reaction wants to give to the revolution in Iran. We will see how the situation in Iran will develop, but now it is not calm and, of course, there will be developments. We did an article about the events that have taken place in this country, but we find that the news agencies, which have always shown themselves ready, reporting on our articles, this time on our article on the situation in Iran and on the future of the revolution in this country country, they are not talking, they have put a lid on it, because they don’t care.
THURSDAY MARCH 8, 1979
ABOUT THE SITUATION IN IRAN
According to the information that comes to us and the announcements of the news agencies, which I follow constantly, it seems clear that the Iranian revolution, regardless of the Islamic slogans that are used and that the religious spirit supposedly prevails in it, is a popular anti-feudal and anti-imperialist revolution. Khomeini, who emerges as the main leader of the uprising, appears to be the head of the Islamic party, which should be the largest party in the country. We found this out when the demonstrations against the Shah’s regime began, in other words, when the uprising began.
Even on television and in newspapers, we saw and read that Khomeini was presented as the spiritual leader of the masses in the revolts against the Shah. It is now emerging that Khomeini cooperates with other democratic parties, whose goal was the overthrow of the feudal monarchy and its government and is for the establishment of democracy.
It turns out that Khomeini is also against foreign intervention. In the Iranian revolution, from what it appeared and as the various news agencies say, the main role was played by the Islamic party, the Mujahideen party and the – party, which may or may not be true. But it is possible that the Maoists, in cooperation with the Shah, have created such a faction, which, as long as the Shah was in power, stood in his support and protection, and now that he has fallen, it may have emerged you. The Fidayeen Dukes are the commandos of the Mujahideen party, some of whom have been trained in foreign camps. Seeing the influence that this party has on the people and its strength, Khomeini cooperates with it and he himself ordered the release from prison of thousands of fighters imprisoned by the Shah’s regime. The “Tudeh” party, which is called a communist party, is connected to the Soviet Union. This ranks third among other parties. After the uprising ended, both these parties refused to lay down their arms, but Khomeini threatened to suppress them by force, and apparently they were forced to support his policy.
It is said that the Soviet ambassador in Iran asked the Iranian government to give complete freedom to this party, the “Tudeh” party, but it became clear to him that it should act in the same way as all other parties. Now this party demands that, in the case of new elections, it also has two representatives in the government. By closely following the announcements and news of foreign agencies on the events in Iran, we can come to the conclusion that the Iranian revolution aims to give democratic freedom to the masses and wants to end foreign interference in Iran.
However, how far such a thing will be realized, we will see from the development of future events. The United States of America, England, capitalist countries and countries with reactionary regimes in the Middle East are very concerned about the situation in Iran. The United States was forced to recognize the new regime of Iran, but it, with its agents, is trying to organize conspiracies, to restrain the revolutionary impulse of the Iranian people;• to intimidate it and stop it on the path it is following. Even the reactionary regime of Saudi Arabia is very worried about the situation in Iran, because the same feudal oppression and exploitation as in Iran exists in this country.
Surely, if not today, tomorrow the same fate awaits the reactionary regime of this country. It is said that after the referendum on the declaration of the republic and some other measures, Khomeini will also demand the removal of American bases from Iran. It is said that the Americans want to transfer these bases to the Greek island of Crete. We will see how this will be realized. One thing is certain: Today Carter himself in Egypt and from there he will go to Israel. His visit to these two countries is related to the signing of the “peace” agreement between Egypt and Israel. In other words, the United States of America has put its feet in the shoes of two of these satellites. With the United States, these two countries may have other secret agreements and not only for receiving weapons. The Secretary of the American Department of Defense, Brown, who has been in this region for weeks, even with the leaders of Saudi Arabia, may have concocted some secret agreement. So, with some countries in this area, it is possible to create a block of gendarmes against Syria, Iraq and Iran, who express themselves against Sadat and Israel.
Syria and Iraq also have the support and support of the Soviets, from whom they also buy weapons. Until now, Khomeini says that the Soviet Union should not interfere in Iran’s internal affairs, but his position is still undefined. Let’s see what attitude he will take later. However, in the oil basin in the Middle East, the status quo so desired by the Americans no longer exists. This status quo was broken by the overthrow of Shah Muhammad Pahlavi and the Pahlavi monarchy, which was the gendarme of American imperialism throughout this area. According to the news we have from the embassies, the article we wrote about Iran, which was published in the newspaper “Voice of the People” on February 18, resonates in Arab countries and is fully approved. We don’t know if it was able to penetrate even into Iran.
MONDAY APRIL 2, 1979
IRAN IS DECLARED A REPUBLIC
Yesterday in Tehran, the results of the national referendum on the country’s transition from Monarchy to Republic were announced. 95 percent of voters voted for the declaration of the Islamic Republic of Iran. On this occasion, Ayatollah Khomeini delivered a speech, during which he emphasized that the national referendum and the vote for the proclamation of the republic ended the monarchical rule in Iran. This is another great victory of the Iranian people’s struggle for social liberation and separation from the influence of the imperialists. Events there are moving forward and on a positive path. Memorie.al
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